Paraphrasing without plagiarizing
Rewriting your own draft is editing. Rewriting someone else's text has rules, and they are worth knowing precisely.
Quote, paraphrase or summarize?
All three need a citation. The difference is how close you stay to the source.
| Technique | Use it when | Citation needed? |
|---|---|---|
| Quote | The exact wording matters: a definition, a contested claim | Yes, with a page number |
| Paraphrase | You need a specific point in your own phrasing | Yes |
| Summarize | You need the gist of a longer passage or a whole study | Yes |
What counts as too close
Keeping the source's sentence structure and swapping in synonyms is often called patchwriting. Most academic integrity policies treat it as plagiarism, even with a citation attached.
A real paraphrase restates the idea from your understanding of it: a different structure, your own emphasis, the same meaning.
A method that works by hand
Read the passage until you understand it. Close the source. Write the point from memory in a sentence or two. Reopen the source and check that you haven't changed the meaning or echoed its phrasing. Add the citation.
An AI rewrite is most useful after that: to tidy a sentence you've already made your own, or on your own drafts, where there is no source to stay too close to.
Keep technical terms fixed
Terms of art, statistical language, named methods and quoted phrases shouldn't be paraphrased. If a rewrite changes one, reject it or edit it back. Using the same term for the same thing every time is a strength in scientific writing, not repetition to be varied away.