How a good essay is built
Structure is what lets a marker see your thinking.
Know what the question is asking
The instruction word sets the task. Getting it wrong is the commonest reason a well-researched essay gets a middling mark.
| Word | What to do |
|---|---|
| Describe | Give an account of the main features |
| Explain | Give reasons; show how or why |
| Compare | Show similarities and differences, and why they matter |
| Discuss | Examine different views and reach a position |
| Evaluate | Weigh strengths and weaknesses and give a judgment |
| To what extent | Argue how far a claim is true, and where it stops being true |
A thesis is an answer
"This essay will explore remote work and productivity" is a topic. "Remote work raises productivity on focused tasks and lowers it on collaborative ones" is a thesis: it answers the question and someone could disagree.
Put it at the end of your introduction and make every paragraph serve it.
One paragraph, one point
A reliable pattern is PEEL: state the Point, give the Evidence, Explain how the evidence supports the point, and Link back to the question.
The explanation is where the marks are. Evidence on its own is description; saying what it shows is analysis.
Deal with the other side
Include the strongest objection to your thesis and answer it. An essay that only presents agreeable evidence looks as if the writer hasn't noticed the disagreement.
AI and academic integrity
Universities and individual courses set different rules. Some allow AI for planning and editing with a declaration, some ban it outright. Read the assignment brief and ask if it's unclear.
Whatever the rule, the test is the same: could you explain and defend every paragraph in a conversation with your tutor? If not, it isn't yet your essay.